Laboratory Phenolic Casework: Selection, Integration, and Maintenance

Marketing Manager

When you need lab cabinets that stand up to harsh conditions, phenolic casework is a leading choice. It is a high-performance system built from solid phenolic composite panels, earning a reputation for its exceptional resistance to chemicals, moisture, and impact. This makes it an incredibly durable option for the tough environments found in many laboratories.

Unlike traditional wood that can swell or metal that can rust, phenolic material does not delaminate, warp, or corrode when exposed to frequent spills or high humidity.

Key Takeaways

  • Exceptional Durability: Phenolic casework offers superior resistance to a wide range of chemicals, moisture, and impact, making it ideal for wet labs and high-use environments.
  • Low Lifecycle Cost: While the initial investment may be higher than laminate, its long service life and minimal maintenance needs result in a lower total cost of ownership.
  • System Integration: Phenolic casework pairs effectively with various work surfaces like phenolic resin, epoxy resin, and stainless steel, and integrates seamlessly with laboratory shelving systems.

What Is Phenolic Casework?

The process for creating phenolic casework begins with layers of kraft paper saturated in phenolic resin. These layers are fused together under intense heat and pressure. This creates a solid, non-porous panel that is incredibly dense and stable.

It is important to distinguish phenolic casework (the cabinets and drawers) from the phenolic work surfaces it supports. While made from similar materials, the casework forms the structural body of your storage. The countertops, in contrast, are specifically engineered to handle the direct abuse of chemicals, heat, and daily wear. The concept that phenolic tops and casework goes together creates a uniformly resistant workstation.

Modern labs in biotechnology, research, and education are increasingly choosing phenolic over steel or wood. Its ability to resist a wide range of chemicals and constant moisture means it does not break down easily. This toughness translates to a lower total cost of ownership because you avoid frequent repairs or replacements.

The manufacturing process also creates a surface that naturally resists bacterial growth. This is a crucial feature for clinical and biological labs. Phenolic casework delivers a solid foundation for a lab that is safe, clean, and efficient.

A 5-Step Checklist for Selecting Phenolic Casework

A checklist being reviewed for selecting laboratory phenolic casework

alt=’A checklist being reviewed for selecting laboratory phenolic casework’

Choosing the right laboratory phenolic casework is a critical decision. It depends on a practical assessment of your lab’s daily operations. A correct choice results in a safe, functional, and long-lasting workspace.

To help you make a smart investment, follow these five straightforward steps.

Step 1: Analyze Chemical and Moisture Exposure

First, identify all chemicals used in the lab. List the acids, bases, solvents, and cleaning agents that may come into contact with your cabinetry. Note their concentrations and frequency of contact.

Also, evaluate the moisture levels. Labs with constant wash-downs, high humidity, or integrated sinks create tough environments. You need a material like phenolic that will not swell, warp, or support mold growth.

Step 2: Calculate Load-Bearing and Storage Needs

Next, consider the weight of stored items. Account for everything from heavy benchtop equipment to bulk reagent containers and glassware. Every cabinet and shelf has a specific load rating. Exceeding this limit can lead to failure and safety hazards.

Develop a storage plan. Knowing where items will be stored helps you choose the right mix of base cabinets, wall units, and tall storage. Ensure shelving is adjustable and strong enough to handle its intended load without sagging. Our detailed casework guide for new lab builds provides more specifics.

Step 3: Plan for Systems Integration

Modern labs have complex utility systems. Your casework must accommodate plumbing lines, electrical outlets, data ports, and ventilation ducts. The layout needs to incorporate sink bases, gas turrets, and power outlets without compromising structural integrity.

Remember to account for specialty cabinets, such as those under fume hoods with specific ventilation needs. Proper planning ensures that service lines are accessible for maintenance while remaining safely concealed.

Step 4: Inspect Construction and Hardware Quality

The long-term durability of casework depends on its construction details. Look for solid panel construction and robust assembly methods. Pay close attention to the hardware, such as hinges, slides, and pulls, as these are common points of failure.

  • Hinges: Choose stainless steel five-knuckle or heavy-duty concealed hinges for the best defense against corrosion.
  • Drawer Slides: Full-extension, ball-bearing slides are essential for smooth operation and complete access to drawer contents.
  • Pulls: Select pulls that are easy to grab with gloves and made from a corrosion-resistant material.

Step 5: Evaluate Lifecycle Costs and Maintenance

Finally, look beyond the initial purchase price. Calculate the total cost of ownership, which includes installation, ongoing maintenance, and potential replacement costs. Phenolic casework may have a higher upfront cost than laminate, but its service life is significantly longer in demanding environments.

Its low-maintenance nature is a major advantage, typically requiring only cleaning with mild detergents. By balancing the initial investment against its durability and minimal upkeep, you make a sound financial decision for your lab.

Comparing Phenolic Casework with Other Materials

Phenolic casework installed in a bright, modern laboratory setting

alt=’Phenolic casework installed in a bright, modern laboratory setting’

When outfitting a lab, your choice of casework directly impacts safety, workflow, and your budget. Let’s compare how Laboratory Phenolic Casework performs against painted steel, stainless steel, and wood or laminate.

Phenolic vs. Painted Steel

Painted steel is a strong and cost-effective option for many labs. However, its painted surface can chip or scratch, exposing the steel underneath to moisture and chemicals. This can lead to rust and corrosion over time.

Phenolic resin, in contrast, has a solid composite structure. It is non-porous and will not rust or delaminate, making it a better choice for labs with high humidity or frequent chemical exposure.

Phenolic vs. Stainless Steel

Stainless steel is the top choice for sterile environments, cleanrooms, and areas requiring high heat resistance. It is exceptionally durable and easy to sterilize. However, it is also the most expensive option.

Phenolic casework offers excellent chemical and moisture resistance at a lower price point than stainless steel. For many labs that do not require sterile conditions, phenolic provides a durable and more economical solution.

Phenolic vs. Laminate/Wood

Laminate and wood core casework are the most budget-friendly options upfront. They are suitable for dry labs and areas with minimal chemical use. However, they are highly susceptible to damage from moisture and harsh chemicals.

Water exposure can cause laminate to peel and the wood core to swell, leading to irreversible damage. Phenolic casework is impervious to moisture, ensuring a much longer lifespan in wet or humid conditions.

Material Comparison Table for Laboratory Casework

Choosing the right material involves balancing performance, application, and cost. This table outlines the key differences to help you decide.

Material Chemical Resistance Moisture/Heat Resistance Typical Load Range Best Applications Pros Considerations
Phenolic High High 100–200 lbs/shelf Wet labs, chemical synthesis, acid work Non-porous, durable, easy to clean Heavier than steel, higher upfront cost than laminate
Painted Steel Moderate Moderate 150–250 lbs/shelf General chemistry, dry labs, instrumentation Cost-effective, strong Prone to chips and scratches, can rust
Stainless Steel High High 200–300 lbs/shelf Sterile environments, cleanrooms, biological labs Hygienic, fireproof, excellent strength Most expensive option, shows fingerprints
Laminate/Wood Core Low Low 80–150 lbs/shelf Dry labs, tech benches, low-risk areas Most economical upfront Swells with moisture, susceptible to chemical damage

Decision Scenarios for Phenolic Casework

Selecting the right material often comes down to the specific application. Here are several scenarios where phenolic casework is an excellent choice.

Scenario 1: Wet Chemistry Labs

In a lab with frequent use of water, sinks, and aqueous solutions, moisture is a constant threat. Phenolic casework is ideal here because its non-porous surface repels water and prevents swelling, warping, or mold growth, which often plagues wood or laminate cabinets. This makes it the perfect material for chemical resistant cabinets for wet labs.

Scenario 2: Acid and Solvent Storage Areas

For environments where strong acids, bases, or organic solvents are used, material durability is critical. Phenolic resin offers broad chemical resistance, preventing the staining, etching, or corrosion that can damage painted steel or laminate. It provides a safe and long-lasting storage solution for aggressive reagents.

Scenario 3: University Teaching Labs

Teaching labs endure heavy use and abuse from students. The high impact and scratch resistance of phenolic casework makes it suitable for this demanding environment. Its surfaces withstand abrasions better than laminate or painted steel, and its easy-to-clean finish allows for quick turnovers between classes.

Scenario 4: Clean Spaces and Biological Labs

While stainless steel is the standard for sterile cleanrooms, phenolic casework is a practical alternative for many biological and clinical labs. Its seamless, non-porous panels do not harbor microbial growth and are compatible with harsh disinfectants. This provides a hygienic and chemically resistant solution at a lower cost than stainless steel.

Scenario 5: Research and Development Facilities

R&D labs often require flexible and durable furniture to adapt to changing projects. The customizable nature of phenolic casework, combined with its resistance to a wide array of chemicals, makes it a versatile choice that can support diverse research activities for years to come.

Integrating Casework with Lab Surfaces and Shelving

Phenolic laboratory casework integrated with work surfaces and overhead shelving in a modern lab.

alt=’Phenolic laboratory casework integrated with work surfaces and overhead shelving in a modern lab.’

A well-designed lab is an integrated system where casework, surfaces, and shelving work together. Pairing your laboratory phenolic casework with the right components creates a safe and efficient workspace.

Matching Casework with Compatible Work Surfaces

The relationship between your casework and countertops is critical. Choosing the right surface material prevents premature wear and ensures safety. Explore our guide to laboratory work surfaces to see all available options.

Here are three common pairings:

  • Phenolic Resin Work Surfaces: This match creates a seamless look and uniform performance. A complete phenolic system provides excellent chemical and moisture resistance from top to bottom.
  • Epoxy Resin Work Surfaces: Epoxy resin is a standard for labs with harsh chemicals and high heat. Pairing an epoxy top with a phenolic base creates a premium, high-performance workstation.
  • Stainless Steel Work Surfaces: For sterile environments, stainless steel is unmatched for cleanability. Mounting stainless steel tops on phenolic cabinets combines a hygienic surface with a durable, non-corroding base.

Integrating Shelving Systems

A smart lab design utilizes vertical space. Integrating laboratory shelving systems with your casework maximizes storage and keeps essentials within reach.

When planning your vertical space, keep these points in mind:

  • Mounting and Load Capacity: Ensure the mounting method and shelf can handle the intended load, especially for heavy instruments or bulk chemicals.
  • Service Clearances: If you are running utility lines through technical uprights, leave adequate clearance for maintenance and upgrades.
  • Ergonomics: Position shelves to reduce reaching and straining. Adjustable shelving offers flexibility as lab needs change.

Maintenance and Lifecycle Guidance

Your laboratory phenolic casework is a long-term asset. While famously low-maintenance, a consistent care routine will protect your investment and ensure safety.

Routine Cleaning and Spill Management

For daily upkeep, clean phenolic surfaces with a soft cloth, mild soap, and water. Avoid abrasive cleaners, waxes, or polishes that can dull the finish.

When a chemical spill occurs, act quickly:

  1. Blot the spill immediately with a dry, absorbent cloth to contain it.
  2. Clean the area with a damp cloth and mild detergent to remove residue.
  3. Rinse and dry the surface completely with a clean cloth.

Always consult the Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for any spilled chemical. The SDS provides specific instructions for safe handling and cleanup.

Periodic Inspections and Adjustments

Conduct a quick inspection every six months to spot potential issues with mechanical parts.

  • Hinges and Drawer Slides: Check for smooth operation. Tighten any loose screws and apply a silicone-based lubricant if needed.
  • Pulls and Handles: Ensure they are securely fastened. A loose handle can be a safety hazard.
  • Leveling Feet: Verify that all cabinets are level and stable. Adjust the leveling feet to prevent wobbling, which puts stress on the frame.
  • Surface Integrity: Scan surfaces for any deep scratches or gouges. While phenolic is resilient, catching significant damage early can prevent it from worsening.

Frequently Asked Questions About Phenolic Casework

Here are answers to common questions about laboratory phenolic casework.

1. How does the cost of phenolic compare to steel casework?

Upfront, phenolic casework typically costs more than painted steel but less than stainless steel. However, its long-term value is excellent. Painted steel is prone to chipping and rust, leading to repair and replacement costs. Phenolic’s resistance to moisture and chemicals results in a longer lifespan with minimal upkeep, often making it the more economical choice over the life of the lab.

2. Is phenolic casework fire resistant?

Phenolic resin is heat resistant and can withstand temperatures up to 350°F (176°C) for short periods. However, it is not considered fireproof like welded stainless steel. For labs with strict fire ratings or constant use of open flames, steel is often the required material. Always consult local building codes and your EHS team.

3. What customization and hardware options are available?

Phenolic is highly customizable. We can configure base cabinets, wall units, and tall storage in a wide range of sizes and door/drawer combinations. Hardware options include stainless steel five-knuckle hinges, full-extension ball-bearing drawer slides, and various styles of pulls suitable for use with gloves.

4. Can phenolic casework be repaired if it gets scratched?

Phenolic is very resistant to everyday scratches. Minor surface scuffs can sometimes be buffed out. However, deep gouges are difficult to repair perfectly due to the material’s solid, layered construction. Proper care is the best way to protect the surfaces from mechanical damage.

5. What is the typical lead time for phenolic casework?

Lead times vary depending on project size, customization, and current manufacturing schedules. Standard, in-stock items may ship within a few weeks, while large or complex orders take longer. Contact our team early in your planning process for an accurate timeline.

6. How does phenolic casework contribute to lab safety?

Phenolic casework enhances lab safety in several ways. Its non-porous surface does not harbor mold or bacteria, making it easy to clean and decontaminate. Its chemical resistance ensures that spills of acids or solvents will not compromise the cabinet’s structural integrity, preventing failures that could lead to injury or chemical exposure. This is why it is critical to understand the connection between a laboratory casework choice and overall safety.

7. What work surfaces are compatible with phenolic cabinets?

Phenolic cabinets are compatible with many work surface options. Pairing them with phenolic resin worktops creates a uniform system. They also work well with epoxy resin surfaces for superior chemical resistance or with stainless steel tops for sterile applications.

8. Is phenolic casework environmentally friendly?

Many manufacturers of phenolic casework are committed to sustainability. The core of phenolic panels is often made from renewable materials like kraft paper. Additionally, their long lifespan reduces the need for frequent replacements, which minimizes waste over time. Check with the specific manufacturer for details on recycled content and certifications.

Plan Your Laboratory with Phenolic Casework

Phenolic casework provides an excellent balance of durability, chemical resistance, and long-term value for modern laboratories. Its performance in demanding environments makes it a reliable foundation for a safe and efficient workspace.

Labs USA offers a wide selection of lab furniture, tables, workstations, and related components. Many popular items are in stock and available for quick shipment.

Ready to find the right solution for your facility?

Exhaust Snorkels for Labs: Source Capture, Selection, and Setup

Marketing Manager

When working in a lab, you often deal with fumes, dust, or vapors. An exhaust snorkel is a critical tool for safety. It is a flexible, articulated arm designed to capture airborne contaminants at the source.

This method is called localized exhaust ventilation (LEV). The goal is to stop contaminants from reaching your breathing zone or spreading into the lab. It is not a full fume hood. Instead, it is a targeted solution for smaller tasks on an open benchtop. It offers great flexibility and better energy efficiency.

What Are Exhaust Snorkels?

An exhaust snorkel is based on the principle of source capture. This approach is more effective and energy efficient than general room ventilation. Diluting contaminants after they spread is less effective.

By placing the snorkel’s hood near the emission source, you create a focused airstream. This stream immediately pulls harmful substances away from technicians. Think of it like using a vacuum nozzle directly on a spill instead of a fan from across the room. The targeted method is better.

How Snorkels Differ from Fume Hoods

People often ask about the difference between a snorkel and a fume hood. Both are important ventilation tools, but they have different jobs. A fume hood is a large, enclosed box. It provides a physical barrier for experiments with large volumes of hazardous materials.

An exhaust snorkel offers flexibility. It is the perfect tool for tasks on an open bench that produce smaller, localized fumes or particles. Because it only pulls a small amount of air from the room, it is a more energy conscious choice for the right applications. A detailed localized exhaust snorkel overview can help you see how these systems fit into a total lab safety plan.

How to Choose the Right Exhaust Snorkel

A lab technician carefully adjusts an exhaust snorkel arm over a scientific instrument on a workbench.

Selecting the right exhaust snorkel requires a careful process. You must match the equipment to the specific hazards and your team’s workflow. Following a step-by-step approach ensures you choose a snorkel that meets safety and practical needs.

1. Define the Hazard Profile

First, identify what you need to capture. The type of contaminant is the biggest factor in your choice of material and design.

  • Chemicals and Solvents: If you work with acids, bases, or volatile organic compounds (VOCs), you need a chemical resistant snorkel. These are typically made from polypropylene to prevent corrosion.
  • Particulates and Dust: For fine powders or dust, a standard snorkel is usually sufficient. The main concern is having enough airflow to capture particles effectively.
  • Static Sensitivity: In labs with sensitive electronics, static discharge can damage components. An ESD safe snorkel uses conductive materials to ground static electricity safely.

2. Assess Capture Point Geometry

Next, look at your workstation’s physical layout. The snorkel must reach the fume source without blocking the user or other equipment.

Measure the distance from the mounting point to all possible work spots. Snorkel arms have a specific maximum reach, so ensure your choice can cover the entire work zone. More joints in the arm provide more flexibility for precise positioning.

3. Calculate Required Airflow (CFM)

Airflow, measured in cubic feet per minute (CFM), determines performance. This number relates to capture velocity. Capture velocity is the air speed needed to pull contaminants into the ductwork.

The required CFM depends on the contaminant and the process. Heavier particles or fumes released with force require higher capture velocity. As a rule, place the capture hood as close as possible to the source, usually within one duct diameter. A ventilation engineer can help determine the exact CFM your application needs.

4. Select the Mounting Configuration

How the snorkel attaches to your lab affects usability and stability.

  • Ceiling Mount: Ideal for labs with high ceilings or when bench space is limited. This option offers the greatest range of motion.
  • Wall Mount: Saves space and provides a stable base for benches against a wall.
  • Bench Mount: The most stable option for a fixed workstation, but it takes up some bench space.

Your choice depends on your lab’s construction, exhaust duct locations, and workflow flexibility.

5. Choose Necessary Accessories

Finally, select accessories to optimize the snorkel for your tasks. The capture hood is the most critical accessory.

  • Dome or Bell Hoods: Best for capturing fumes that rise, like from heated processes.
  • Flat Screen Hoods: Use these to capture fumes across a wider, flatter area.
  • Slotted Hoods: Designed to pull fumes horizontally.

Also consider add ons like airflow dampers. These let users adjust the CFM at their workstation. This is useful when multiple snorkels are running at once.

Comparing Exhaust Snorkel Materials and Features

Technician adjusting different types of exhaust snorkel arms in a lab setting, showing material and color differences.

The materials and design of an exhaust snorkel determine its safety, performance, and lifespan. A standard arm perfect for soldering fumes could fail quickly if exposed to acids. Understanding the core differences between the main snorkel types is essential.

Standard (Original) Snorkel Arms

The standard lab snorkel arm is a versatile choice for general purpose fume and dust capture. These arms have anodized aluminum tubes and polypropylene joints. They offer a balance of light weight and strength.

This design is a good match for non corrosive contaminants, such as:

  • Light dust from weighing powders
  • Soldering fumes
  • Mild solvent vapors
  • General odors

Chemical Resistant Snorkels

When processes involve aggressive chemicals, a chemical resistant snorkel for corrosives is necessary. These snorkels are made to withstand chemical attack. The tubes and joints are typically 100% polypropylene. This plastic is known for its resistance to acids, bases, and many solvents.

These are the clear choice for applications like:

  • Acid digestions
  • Work with volatile organic compounds (VOCs)
  • Sample prep with strong solvents

ESD Safe Snorkels

In electronics manufacturing and repair, static electricity can destroy sensitive components. An ESD safe extraction arm for electronics work eliminates this threat.

These snorkels are built with conductive materials and are connected to a ground point. This allows any static charge to dissipate safely. This feature protects microchips and circuit boards from electrostatic discharge (ESD) damage.

Exhaust Snorkel Model Comparison

This table breaks down the key differences between the three main types of exhaust snorkels. Use it as a quick reference to compare specifications.

Feature Original/Standard Snorkel Chemical-Resistant Snorkel ESD-Safe Snorkel
Typical CFM Range 35 – 250 CFM, depending on diameter 35 – 250 CFM, depending on diameter 35 – 250 CFM, depending on diameter
Arm Materials Anodized aluminum tubes, polypropylene joints All polypropylene tubes and joints Aluminum tubes with a conductive powder coat, polypropylene joints
Compatible Diameters 2-inch, 3-inch, 4-inch 2-inch, 3-inch, 4-inch 2-inch, 3-inch, 4-inch
Best Applications Soldering, light dust, non-corrosive fumes, general lab use Acid/solvent vapors, corrosive environments, chemical analysis Electronics assembly, R&D labs, static-sensitive component work
Pros Cost-effective, lightweight, versatile Superior resistance to harsh chemicals, durable Prevents electrostatic discharge, protects sensitive electronics
Considerations Not suitable for corrosive materials. Higher initial cost, may not be necessary for all tasks Required only for static-sensitive applications.

You can explore a full range of exhaust snorkels and accessories here.

Snorkel Use Cases and Decision Scenarios

An ESD-safe exhaust snorkel is carefully positioned over a workbench where a technician is soldering a circuit board.

Theory and specifications are one thing. Seeing how snorkels perform in a working lab is another. These arms solve specific safety problems at the bench. A few common scenarios show why choosing the right snorkel is so important.

Scenario 1: Electronics Soldering Station

  • Challenge: Soldering creates harmful flux fumes and poses a risk of electrostatic discharge (ESD) to sensitive components.
  • Solution: An ESD safe snorkel. It captures fumes at the source while its conductive construction grounds static electricity.
  • Placement: Position the hood 4 to 6 inches above the solder joint. A stable bench mount is ideal for repetitive tasks.

Scenario 2: Small Volume Acid Titration

  • Challenge: Working with small amounts of acid on an open bench creates corrosive vapors that are an inhalation hazard.
  • Solution: A chemical resistant snorkel made from polypropylene. It will not degrade from exposure to acid fumes.
  • Placement: Place the hood near the beaker to create a zone of negative pressure that pulls vapors away from the user.

Scenario 3: Pharmaceutical Powder Weighing

  • Challenge: Weighing fine powders can create airborne dust that should not be inhaled. Air currents must be minimized to avoid disturbing sensitive scales.
  • Solution: A standard snorkel with a wide, bell-shaped hood.
  • Placement: Position the hood just above and behind the weighing station. This captures rising dust without creating turbulence near the balance.

Scenario 4: Art Restoration and Solvent Use

  • Challenge: Art restorers often use small amounts of solvents to clean artifacts. These tasks require precise control and fume capture in a non-traditional lab setting.
  • Solution: A standard snorkel with good articulation and a small, targeted hood.
  • Placement: A ceiling or wall mounted arm offers the most flexibility to position the hood near the artifact without touching it.

Scenario 5: University Teaching Lab

  • Challenge: A teaching lab has multiple workstations where students perform various experiments with mild chemicals or biological samples.
  • Solution: Multiple standard snorkels, perhaps one for every two students. They offer a cost effective way to provide source capture for general use.
  • Placement: A combination of ceiling and wall mounts can cover all stations without cluttering the benches.

Integrating Snorkels with Benches and Casework

Proper installation is a critical final step. A snorkel must be integrated into your lab’s space and ventilation system. This requires planning for ductwork, your building’s exhaust system, and snorkel placement. Good integration results in a clean workspace with effective source capture.

Mounting Options for Lab Benches

The mount type directly impacts reach, stability, and bench space.

  • Ceiling Mounts: Best for high ceilings or when bench space is limited. They provide maximum range of motion.
  • Wall Mounts: A good middle ground that saves bench space while offering a stable base.
  • Benchtop Mounts: Offer the best stability for dedicated workstations but take up a small footprint.

Ductwork and System Connection

The snorkel arm must connect to your building’s main exhaust system. Ducting design is important for proper airflow.

The length of the duct run and the number of bends add static pressure. This is the resistance the exhaust fan must overcome. Too much static pressure can reduce the snorkel’s CFM and capture velocity. An HVAC engineer can help balance the system to ensure each snorkel gets its designed airflow. This ensures proper function for all hoods and enclosures in the facility.

Maintenance and Lifecycle Guidance

An exhaust snorkel is a critical safety device that requires regular maintenance. A simple inspection schedule ensures its performance and extends its life. Consistent upkeep prevents small issues from becoming major safety failures.

Routine Inspections and Cleaning

A visual and physical check should be part of your lab’s safety walkthrough.

  • Check Arm Tension: The arm should move smoothly and stay in position. If it drifts, adjust the tension according to the manufacturer’s guide.
  • Inspect Seals: Look at the O-rings and seals in the joints for cracks or wear. A degraded seal can cause air leaks and reduce suction.
  • Clean the Capture Hood: Keep the hood free of dust and residue. A mild detergent and water usually work. For a chemical resistant model, ensure the cleaning agent is compatible with polypropylene.

Periodic Airflow Verification

At least once a year, you should verify the system’s airflow. This ensures it still meets its original design specifications for capture velocity.

This task is typically done by an EHS professional using a calibrated anemometer. They measure air speed at the hood’s face and calculate the airflow in CFM. Low numbers could indicate a clog, a fan issue, or a leak. Keeping records of these checks is a key part of any lab safety program and is fundamental to overall fume hood safety.

Frequently Asked Questions About Exhaust Snorkels

What is the main difference between an exhaust snorkel and a fume hood?

A fume hood is a large, enclosed cabinet that provides a physical barrier for hazardous work. An exhaust snorkel is a flexible arm for capturing contaminants at the source on an open bench. Snorkels are for smaller, localized tasks and are more energy efficient.

How do I calculate the right CFM for my application?

The correct CFM (Cubic Feet per Minute) provides enough capture velocity to pull contaminants into the snorkel. The required velocity depends on the hazard. An industrial hygienist or ventilation engineer can help you determine the precise CFM needed for safety and compliance.

Can snorkels be used in cleanrooms?

Yes, but they must be made from non-shedding materials like stainless steel or electropolished aluminum. The system must capture contaminants without disrupting the room’s laminar airflow.

What chemicals can a chemical resistant snorkel handle?

A chemical resistant snorkel is typically made from polypropylene. This material resists a wide range of acids, bases, and organic solvents. However, you should always check your specific chemicals against a polypropylene chemical compatibility chart to ensure safety.

What is the maximum reach of a snorkel arm?

Snorkel arms are available with a reach from about 3 feet to over 8 feet. Measure your workspace to ensure the arm can reach all emission sources. It is wise to choose a model with slightly more reach than you think you need for added flexibility.

Do I need a separate exhaust fan for my snorkel system?

Yes, in almost all cases. A snorkel arm is a passive component. It needs an external fan to create the suction required to pull air through the system. The fan must be sized correctly to handle the system’s static pressure and deliver the necessary CFM at the hood.

How should the capture hood be positioned for best results?

The capture hood should be placed as close to the emission source as possible. A good rule of thumb is within one duct diameter of the source. This maximizes capture efficiency and prevents contaminants from escaping into the workspace.

Are there any standards that govern exhaust snorkel performance?

Yes. Organizations like the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) provide guidelines for local exhaust ventilation systems in their Industrial Ventilation Manual. These guidelines offer recommendations for capture velocities for different types of contaminants.

Find the Right Snorkel for Your Lab

Choosing the correct exhaust snorkel is a critical step in creating a safe and efficient laboratory. By carefully considering your specific hazards, workspace layout, and workflow, you can select a source capture solution that protects your team and integrates seamlessly into your facility.

Labs USA stocks a wide range of lab furniture, including lab tables, workstations, shelving, and related ventilation components. We can help you find the right equipment for your needs.

Bench and Wall Laboratory Shelving Systems: Planning, Materials, and Setup

Marketing Manager

A well-organized lab is a safe and efficient lab. The backbone of that organization is its bench and wall laboratory shelving systems. These systems provide structure and improve workflow. Bench shelving offers immediate access to frequently used tools and reagents. Wall shelving uses vertical space to store bulk supplies and less-used items, keeping valuable benchtop areas clear for work.

Understanding Your Laboratory Shelving Options

A well-organized laboratory with bench and wall shelving systems storing various scientific equipment and supplies.

alt text: A well-organized laboratory with bench and wall shelving systems storing various scientific equipment and supplies.

Choosing the right lab layout helps improve productivity. A smart shelving plan creates a more ergonomic and streamlined environment. Let’s break down the three main systems.

Bench Shelving Systems

Often called over-bench or reagent shelving, this system mounts directly above a lab workbench. Its purpose is point-of-use storage. When technicians have their most-used items within arm’s reach, they can complete tasks more efficiently.

This setup is ideal for:

  • Repetitive tasks that require the same supplies.
  • High-traffic areas, as it reduces movement.
  • Small labs that need to maximize vertical space.

Wall Shelving Systems

Wall shelving is mounted directly onto a lab’s walls, independent of benchtops. This approach uses vertical space for storage. It is ideal for bulk supplies, larger equipment, and items not used daily. Proper installation is critical to ensure the wall can support the intended weight.

For certain applications, such as cleanrooms, open-frame wire lab shelving is another option to consider for airflow.

Hybrid Rail Systems

A hybrid rail system offers maximum flexibility. These modular setups use horizontal rails mounted to the wall or to bench-connected uprights. From these rails, you can hang and reposition shelves, cabinets, and other accessories.

This adaptability makes hybrid systems a top choice for dynamic labs. They blend the convenience of bench shelving with the high-capacity storage of wall systems.

Your 5-Step Lab Shelving Planning Checklist

Outfitting a new or existing lab requires careful planning. A methodical approach to shelving prevents costly mistakes. It also helps create a safer, more efficient workspace.

Follow this checklist to simplify the process. These steps will help you create a setup perfectly suited to your lab’s operations.

A person using a tape measure to plan the layout of laboratory shelving against a wall.

alt text: A person using a tape measure to plan the layout of laboratory shelving against a wall.

Step 1: Assess Your Space and Utilities

First, measure the dimensions of your space. Record the length and height of the walls where you plan to install shelves. Also, measure the ceiling height to determine the maximum vertical space available for wall-mounted systems.

Next, map out all utilities and obstructions.

  • Electrical outlets
  • Gas and vacuum lines
  • Water faucets and drains
  • Data ports
  • HVAC vents and fire suppression systems

A simple diagram showing these locations will prevent you from blocking access to critical services.

Step 2: Calculate Load Requirements

Every shelf has a weight limit. To avoid overloading, calculate the total weight your shelving will need to support. Make a detailed inventory of everything you plan to store, from glassware to benchtop equipment.

Estimate the weight of each item and sum the total for each shelf section. Always add a safety margin of at least 25% to your final calculation. Overloaded shelves are a serious safety hazard. Always choose shelving rated well above your expected load.

Step 3: Map Your Lab Workflow

Effective shelving makes work easier. Consider the daily routines of your lab. An intuitive layout minimizes wasted movement.

Place frequently used reagents and tools on bench shelving, directly above the relevant workstation. Reserve wall shelving for bulk supplies, archival samples, or equipment that is not used every day. A clear primary workspace is an efficient one.

Step 4: Evaluate Clearance and Accessibility

Safety and accessibility are essential. Your layout must provide adequate clearance for both personnel and equipment. Ensure enough space around instruments for proper ventilation and maintenance. Keep aisles and emergency exit routes clear to comply with local codes.

Consider ergonomics for your team. Shelves that are too high or too low can cause strain and increase the risk of accidents. For public institutions, specific purchasing guidelines may apply. You can review an example of these on the Utah state contract for lab shelving and storage.

Step 5: Choose the Right System Type

With the previous steps completed, you have the information needed to make a choice. The data will guide you to the best system for your lab.

  • Bench Shelving is best for high-turnover items at individual workstations.
  • Wall Shelving is ideal for bulk storage, using vertical space effectively.
  • Hybrid Rail Systems offer the most versatility for evolving labs.

This planning ensures your decision is based on solid data about your space, load, workflow, and safety needs.

Comparing Shelving Materials and Support Structures

A close-up view of adjustable phenolic resin shelves on a steel support structure in a laboratory.

alt text: A close-up view of adjustable phenolic resin shelves on a steel support structure in a laboratory.

The materials you choose for your bench and wall laboratory shelving systems impact longevity and safety. A shelving system has two main parts: the support structure and the shelf surfaces. The structure must be strong, while the surface must withstand daily use and potential spills.

Support Structures: Painted Steel vs. Stainless Steel

The support structure is the backbone of your shelving. It must handle the required weight without failing. The main choices are painted steel and stainless steel.

Painted Steel is a common choice for general lab applications. It is strong, cost-effective, and its powder-coated finish protects against minor scuffs and mild chemicals. For dry storage or electronics testing, painted steel is a practical option. Explore our painted steel casework for complementary solutions.

Stainless Steel is the premium option for harsh environments. It is naturally resistant to rust, corrosion, and many chemicals. This makes it essential for wet labs, cleanrooms, and areas handling aggressive solvents. While it costs more initially, it outlasts other materials in tough settings.

Shelf Surface Materials: Laminate vs. Phenolic Resin

The shelf surface itself must be durable.

Chemical-Resistant Laminate is a practical choice for light-duty, general-purpose use. It is made from layers of resin-bonded paper with a protective top coat. These shelves are suitable for glassware, dry goods, and basic equipment. They are easy to clean but can be damaged by harsh chemicals or moisture. A laminate table top is another application of this material.

Phenolic Resin is a high-performance material. It is created by curing layers of kraft paper saturated in phenolic resin under high heat and pressure. This process creates a solid, non-porous panel.

  • High Chemical Resistance: It withstands a wide range of acids, solvents, and corrosives.
  • Moisture Proof: It does not absorb water, preventing swelling or delaminating.
  • Impact and Scratch Resistant: Its dense composition makes it durable for high-traffic areas.

Due to these properties, phenolic resin is the standard for labs where chemical resistance is critical. You can learn more about why phenolic resin work surfaces are important.

Feature Bench Shelving Wall Shelving Hybrid Rail System
Typical Load Range 50 – 150 lbs/shelf 150 – 250+ lbs/shelf Varies by component
Adjustability High (on uprights) Moderate (fixed brackets) Very High (on rails)
Compatible Work Surfaces Most lab benches Independent of surfaces Benches and walls
Best For Point-of-use storage, small items Bulk supplies, heavy equipment Dynamic labs, changing workflows
Pros Ergonomic, keeps bench clear Maximizes vertical space, high capacity Highly flexible, modular, adaptable
Considerations Bench must support weight Requires strong wall structure Higher initial investment

How to Integrate Shelving with Benches and Casework

An integrated laboratory workstation featuring bench shelving mounted on uprights with casework underneath.

alt text: An integrated laboratory workstation featuring bench shelving mounted on uprights with casework underneath.

A functional lab is a complete system where every piece works together. Integrating shelving with benches and casework is key to creating an efficient and safe space. This transforms individual components into a high-performance environment.

Smart integration requires planning. You must consider structural compatibility, clearance, and workflow.

Mounting Shelving Directly to Lab Benches

Mounting shelving directly onto a lab bench creates an ergonomic workstation. This point-of-use storage keeps essential items readily available. The two most common methods are uprights and rail systems.

  • Upright Systems: These are vertical posts bolted to the back of a workbench. Shelves are mounted to these posts, providing adjustable storage over the work area. Many uprights include channels for running electrical or data cables.
  • Rail Systems: With this method, a horizontal rail is mounted to the uprights. This provides a flexible track for hanging shelves, bins, and other accessories. It is a modular system that allows for quick reconfiguration.

Before installing, confirm the workbench can support the added weight of the shelving and its contents. The connection points must be secure. You can pair shelving with many technical workstations & tables.

Coordinating Wall Shelving with Freestanding Casework

Wall shelving is ideal for bulk supplies and less frequently used items. Place it strategically in relation to your freestanding or mobile laboratory casework. Coordinated placement keeps the lab organized and improves workflows.

Group related items together. For example, install shelves for chemical reagents above the corresponding storage cabinet. This creates a logical zone for chemical handling and reduces transport distance.

A well-planned layout aligns wall shelving with mobile tables and freestanding casework. This allows you to create flexible work zones that adapt to different projects.

Planning for Integrated Services

Modern labs require integrated services like power, data, and gas lines at the bench. When adding shelving, you must plan for how these services will be managed.

Many modern bench and wall laboratory shelving systems are designed with this in mind. Uprights and rail systems often include built-in channels to route wiring and tubing. This keeps cables off the work surface, reducing clutter and improving safety.

Decision Scenarios: Choosing the Right Shelving

Applying these concepts to real-world situations can clarify which system is best for you. Let’s explore several common lab scenarios.

1. University Teaching Lab: The environment requires durable, easy-to-clean surfaces. Solution: Heavy-duty, bench-mounted upright shelving with phenolic resin shelves is ideal. The uprights maximize student workspace, and phenolic resin withstands frequent spills and heavy use.

2. Pharmaceutical R&D Lab: This dynamic setting needs flexibility for changing projects and equipment. Solution: A hybrid rail system is perfect. Wall-mounted rails allow technicians to adjust shelves and accessories quickly. Paired with mobile lab tables, the entire space can be reconfigured easily.

3. Clinical Diagnostics Lab: Strict cleanliness and organization are top priorities to prevent errors. Solution: Stainless steel wall and bench shelving is the standard. Stainless steel resists corrosion and harsh disinfectants. Its non-porous surface is easy to sterilize.

4. Industrial Quality Control Lab: This lab uses heavy benchtop equipment, requiring high load capacity. Solution: A robust bench-mounted system with heavy-gauge steel uprights is necessary. This provides the strength to support heavy instruments, while adjustable shelves organize related samples and standards.

5. Genomics Sequencing Lab: This space has sensitive benchtop sequencers that require stable, dedicated services. Solution: Bench-mounted shelving with integrated service channels is critical. This keeps power and data lines organized and away from the work surface, protecting expensive equipment and delicate workflows.

Maintaining Your Shelving for Safety and Longevity

Proper maintenance is a critical practice. It keeps your shelving systems safe, functional, and reliable. Consistent care prevents premature wear and protects your investment.

By building simple routines into your facility’s operations, you can extend the life of your shelving. This approach helps in reducing total cost of ownership.

Regular Inspection Checklist

Routine visual inspections help catch small issues before they become serious problems. Perform this check monthly or quarterly.

  • Scan for Corrosion and Damage: Look for rust, corrosion, or deep scratches on all steel components.
  • Check Fittings and Fasteners: Ensure all bolts, screws, and brackets are tight and secure.
  • Look for Shelf Warping: Check for any bowing or warping on shelf surfaces, which indicates overloading.
  • Verify Leveling: Make sure the entire unit is stable and does not wobble.

Proper Cleaning Procedures

Using the correct cleaning products is essential for preserving your shelving materials. Always follow the manufacturer’s guidelines.

For painted steel and laminate surfaces, use a mild, non-abrasive detergent and a soft cloth. Avoid harsh chemicals and abrasive pads.

For stainless steel and phenolic resin, stronger disinfectants like isopropyl alcohol are generally safe. Rinse all surfaces with deionized water afterward to prevent residue buildup.

Always defer to your facility’s Environmental Health and Safety (EHS) guidelines for approved cleaning protocols.

Frequently Asked Questions About Lab Shelving

Here are answers to common questions about selecting and using lab shelving.

1. What is the typical load capacity of standard lab shelving?

Standard-duty bench shelving is typically rated for 50 to 150 pounds per shelf. Heavy-duty wall or bench systems can often handle 250 pounds or more per shelf. Always check the manufacturer’s official load rating and include a safety margin of at least 25%.

2. How can I ensure new shelving is compatible with existing benches?

Measure the depth and length of your laboratory work surfaces to ensure the shelving will fit. If using bench-mounted uprights, confirm the work surface is thick enough to support the bolted connection. Check for any obstructions like a rear lip or service chases.

3. What are the key differences between phenolic resin and laminate shelves?

Laminate shelves have a particleboard core with a protective top layer, suitable for dry, light-duty use. Phenolic resin shelves are solid, non-porous panels created under high heat and pressure, offering superior chemical, moisture, and impact resistance for demanding lab environments.

4. Can shelving systems be customized for specialized equipment?

Yes. Most modern shelving systems are modular, allowing you to adjust shelf height and spacing. You can also add accessories like keyboard trays, monitor arms, bin rails, and integrated power strips to customize the setup for your specific needs.

5. What are the installation requirements for wall-mounted systems?

Wall-mounted shelving must be anchored directly into structural supports like wall studs, concrete, or masonry block. Drywall anchors are not sufficient. The system must be perfectly level. Professional installation is highly recommended for safety and stability.

6. How should I clean and disinfect different shelving materials?

For painted steel and laminate, use a mild, non-abrasive detergent. For stainless steel and phenolic resin, you can use stronger disinfectants like isopropyl alcohol. Always rinse with deionized water after cleaning to prevent residue. Follow your facility’s EHS guidelines.

7. What is the difference between bench shelving and reagent shelving?

The terms are often used interchangeably. Both refer to shelving systems mounted directly above a workbench for point-of-use storage of frequently used items, such as chemical reagents, glassware, and small instruments.

8. Are there mobile shelving options available?

Yes. In addition to fixed bench and wall systems, mobile shelving options are available. These units are on casters and provide flexible storage that can be moved as needed, which is ideal for labs with changing layouts or multi-use spaces.

Find the Right Shelving for Your Lab

Choosing the right bench and wall laboratory shelving systems is a critical step in designing a productive and safe lab. By carefully planning your layout, selecting appropriate materials, and ensuring proper integration, you create a workspace that supports efficient workflows for years to come.

Labs USA stocks a wide range of lab furniture, including technical workstations & tables, casework, shelving, and related components. We offer solutions designed for durability and flexibility to meet the demands of any modern laboratory.

Compare your options and find the perfect fit for your facility.
Compare laboratory shelving systems

Ready to plan your lab layout? Our team can help you design a system that meets your specific needs.
Request a quote for your lab

Fast-Track Hospital Lab Design for a Critical Deadline

Marketing Manager

A new hospital laboratory in Perry County, Tennessee, must open by August 1. This critical deadline became more challenging due to construction delays and water damage repairs. To solve this, Labs USA developed a fast-track plan for the lab’s casework, tables, sinks, power, and freight logistics. The plan focuses on a quick turnaround without compromising safety or workflow efficiency.

This guide outlines the specific strategies used to equip the Perry County lab. It highlights how selecting the right lab workstations and tables and planning for rapid laboratory casework delivery can overcome project setbacks. The result is a functional, code-aligned layout designed to meet an urgent operational date.

Fast-Tracking the Perry County Hospital Lab

  • Challenge: An August 1 opening deadline for a new hospital lab was threatened by construction delays and water damage.
  • Solution: A rapid deployment plan using in-stock and quick-ship components, including adjustable tables, phenolic resin countertops, and strategically placed sinks.
  • Key Strategy: The layout converts physical constraints into an efficient workflow, leveraging a south-wall power strategy and modular furniture.
  • Logistics: Freight is streamlined through Nashville to accelerate delivery, with casework available in 5–6 weeks after order.
  • Outcome: A clear path to meet the opening date with a durable, compliant, and future-ready hospital laboratory design.

1. North Wall — Adjustable Tables and Shelving

The north wall plan emphasizes ergonomics and adaptability. It will feature two 8-foot adjustable-height tables, created by combining a 4-foot starter unit with a 4-foot add-on unit. This modular setup provides a continuous 16-foot work surface.

Above the work surfaces, two tiers of shelving will be installed for storing frequently used supplies and small equipment. This keeps the benchtops clear and organized.

Because the wall has ample outlets, no additional power strips are needed for this section. The use of adjustable lab tables allows staff to set the height for comfortable standing or seated work, reducing physical strain. This modular design also supports future reconfiguration as testing needs change.

Alt text: Hospital lab with adjustable tables, stainless sinks set in phenolic countertops, and shelving above.

2. East/Instrument Wall — Three Sinks and Consistent Materials

The east wall is the primary instrument and wet-processing zone. The design includes three sink locations to support efficient workflow and safety. A corner sink will be placed at the junction with the lab director’s wall. Two additional sinks will flank the main instrument area.

To maintain consistency and durability, the design uses stainless steel sinks paired with phenolic resin countertops. This combination provides excellent hygiene and resistance to chemicals and moisture. All sinks will have hot and cold water. An eyewash station will be integrated at the southernmost sink to ensure it is accessible and compliant with safety standards.

The importance of phenolic resins is clear in this high-use area. These surfaces resist damage from spills and frequent cleaning, making them ideal for a busy hospital lab. The correct phenolic resin laboratory work surfaces are key to a long-lasting and safe environment.

3. Equipment Placement and Clearances

Proper equipment placement is essential for an efficient and safe workflow. The layout for the Perry County lab accounts for the specific dimensions and service needs of each piece of equipment.

  • Blood Bank Refrigerator: This 56-inch-wide unit will be placed on the 99-inch wall. The plan confirms adequate clearance for door swing and aisle access.
  • Chemistry Instruments: Floor-standing chemistry analyzers will occupy the 85-inch wall, with enough space for routine service.
  • DI Water System: A 70-inch section is reserved for the deionized water system. This zone will remain clear to allow for easy access and maintenance.
  • Coagulation Instrument: This smaller 2x2x2-foot instrument can be positioned in a corner to maximize counter space.

Each placement decision connects back to the overall design. Bench spans, shelf heights, and routing for cords and water lines are all planned to support the equipment layout.

4. South and West Walls — Power Strategy and Flow

The south and west walls are designed for high-throughput work and sample processing. The 220-inch south wall will have two 8-foot tables with shelving. This wall has limited outlets, so the plan includes a power strip to safely run multiple centrifuges.

The 173-inch west wall supports several functions. It includes a 6-foot and 4-foot table combination with shelving for a centrifuge and a mail-off bench. A separate 6-foot table will be placed next to a refrigerator and freezer.

Throughout the lab, the layout maintains clear pass-throughs and service aisles. This ensures staff can move safely and efficiently, even during peak hours. The use of standardized lab workstations and tables simplifies installation and future modifications.

Hospital Lab Wall Layout Summary

Wall Key Components Power Notes Special Considerations
North Two 8-ft adjustable tables, two tiers of shelving Ample wall outlets, no power strips needed Ergonomic and modular for future changes
East Three stainless steel sinks, phenolic countertops Standard outlets for instruments Eyewash station at southernmost sink, DI water keep-out zone
South Two 8-ft tables, shelving Limited outlets, requires power strip for centrifuges High-throughput centrifuge area
West 6-ft + 4-ft tables, 6-ft table, fridge/freezer Standard wall outlets Mail-off bench, clear aisles for sample transport

5. Materials and Repeatability

Using consistent materials throughout the lab simplifies maintenance, training, and procurement. The Perry County lab design specifies phenolic resin countertops for their superior chemical, moisture, and impact resistance. When you choose the right lab work surface, you ensure the lab can withstand the demands of daily clinical use.

Pairing phenolic resin laboratory work surfaces with stainless steel sinks creates a durable and hygienic environment. This material standard matches previous installations, ensuring staff are familiar with the surfaces and cleaning protocols. The importance of phenolic resins extends to long-term value, as these surfaces resist staining and degradation over time.

6. Schedule, Drawings, Credit, and Freight

To meet the tight deadline, the project timeline is accelerated. A quote was delivered by the end of the next business day, with drawings following the day after to speed up the approval process.

Once ordered, the laboratory casework has a 5–6 week delivery time. This quick turnaround allows installation to proceed without further delays. A $2,000 credit from a previous overpayment was applied to the project, providing additional value.

To streamline logistics, all freight is routed through the Nashville airport. This central hub simplifies delivery to Perry County and helps keep the project on schedule.

7. Future-Proofing and Next Projects

A good hospital laboratory design not only meets current needs but also prepares for the future. The use of adjustable tables and modular shelving allows the lab to be reconfigured as technology and testing volumes change. Standardizing on durable materials like phenolic resin and stainless steel ensures the lab will continue to perform well for years.

This fast-track project serves as a model for future work. After the successful opening of the Perry County lab, the next project on the schedule is a new laboratory in Virginia. The lessons learned here will help streamline that process as well.

Frequently Asked Questions about Hospital Lab Design

1. What is the typical lead time for laboratory casework?
While custom casework can take 10–12 weeks or more, quick-ship programs can deliver standard casework in as little as 5–6 weeks after an order is finalized.

2. Why is phenolic resin recommended for hospital labs?
Phenolic resin is highly resistant to chemicals, bacteria, moisture, and impact. It is a durable, non-porous surface that is easy to clean and decontaminate, making it ideal for clinical environments.

3. How important are adjustable-height tables?
Adjustable-height tables improve ergonomics by allowing technicians to work comfortably whether sitting or standing. This can reduce fatigue and the risk of repetitive strain injuries, improving both wellness and productivity.

4. How do you plan for equipment power needs?
A detailed equipment list with electrical specifications is crucial. The plan must account for voltage requirements (e.g., 120V vs. 220V) and the number of outlets needed. For areas with many devices, like a centrifuge station, power strips may be required if wall outlets are limited.

5. What is the benefit of a central freight hub?
Using a major logistics hub like the Nashville airport centralizes shipping and receiving. It can reduce transit times, lower the risk of shipping damage, and simplify coordination for final-delivery to rural or remote locations.

6. How do you ensure clearances for large equipment?
The design process includes creating a scaled floor plan that maps out each piece of equipment. This map accounts for the equipment’s physical dimensions as well as necessary clearances for door swings, ventilation, and service access.

7. Can a lab design be both fast and compliant?
Yes. A fast-track design uses standardized, pre-vetted components that already meet industry safety and compliance standards (e.g., SEFA, ADA). The focus is on efficient layout and logistics, not cutting corners on safety.

Ready to plan your new or updated laboratory? Labs USA stocks a wide range of lab furniture, workstations, shelving, and casework. We can help you meet tight deadlines with quick-ship availability.

Explore our lab workstations and tables to find flexible solutions for your space.

To get started on a full layout, review our laboratory casework options and request a quote today.

Biological Safety Cabinet Classes: Class I, Class II, and Class III Explained

Marketing Manager

Biological safety cabinets (BSCs) are enclosed, ventilated workspaces used in laboratories. They are engineered to protect the user, the work product, and the environment from hazardous biological materials. This protection is achieved through specialized airflow patterns and high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filters.

Choosing the correct BSC is critical for lab safety and research integrity. The decision depends on the specific biological agents, chemicals, and procedures used in your lab. Understanding the differences between the biological safety cabinet classes is the first step toward a safer, more compliant facility.

Key Takeaways

  • Class I cabinets protect the user and the environment but not the product inside. They are for low-to-moderate risk agents where sterility is not needed.
  • Class II cabinets protect the user, product, and environment. They are the most common type, with subtypes (A2, B1, B2) for different chemical use scenarios.
  • Class III cabinets provide the highest level of containment. They are fully sealed gas-tight enclosures for work with high-risk BSL-4 agents.

Class I Biological Safety Cabinets

A diagram illustrating the airflow pattern inside a Class I biological safety cabinet.

A Class I BSC is the simplest type of cabinet. Its primary function is to protect the user and the surrounding lab environment from hazardous aerosols generated during a procedure.

The airflow is straightforward. Room air is drawn into the cabinet through the front opening, flows across the work surface, and is then exhausted through a HEPA filter. This inward airflow prevents contaminated air from escaping the cabinet.

However, a Class I cabinet offers no product protection. Unfiltered room air constantly flows over the samples. This makes it unsuitable for work that requires a sterile environment, such as cell culture. What Class I protects is the operator, making it useful for enclosing equipment like centrifuges or for procedures with low-risk agents where sterility is not a concern.

Class II Biological Safety Cabinets

A scientist in a lab coat and gloves working inside a Class II biological safety cabinet.

alt=’A lab technician carefully pipettes a sample inside a well-lit Class II A2 biological safety cabinet with the sash closed.’

Class II cabinets are the most common type of BSC found in clinical and research labs. They provide protection for the user, the product, and the environment. This three-way protection makes them the workhorse for most biological research.

These cabinets create an air curtain at the front opening to protect the operator. At the same time, HEPA-filtered air flows downward over the work surface to protect the samples from contamination. All exhausted air is also HEPA-filtered to protect the environment. There are several subtypes of Class II cabinets, with A2 and B2 being the most common. The main difference lies in how they handle airflow and chemical vapors. Our popular Airstream biological safety cabinet line includes these advanced options.

Class II, Type A2

The Class II A2 airflow and applications are suited for most standard microbiological work. In a Type A2 cabinet, about 70% of the air is recirculated back into the work area through a HEPA filter. The other 30% is exhausted through another HEPA filter, either back into the lab or through a thimble connection to the building’s exhaust system.

These cabinets are designed for work with biological agents in the absence of volatile or toxic chemicals. Only trace amounts of chemicals can be used, as the recirculated air could expose the user to chemical fumes.

Class II, Type B2

A Type B2 cabinet is often called a “total exhaust” cabinet. It is hard-ducted directly to an external exhaust system and vents 100% of the air outside after HEPA filtration. No air is recirculated within the cabinet or the lab.

This design makes it the proper choice when a B2 cabinet makes sense: for work involving both biological agents and significant amounts of hazardous or volatile chemicals. The total exhaust system ensures that no chemical vapors are returned to the workspace, protecting the user. Understanding the differences between a BSC and a chemical fume hood is key to making this distinction.

Class III Biological Safety Cabinets

A scientist wearing full protective gear operates within a Class III biological safety cabinet, handling materials through attached gloves.

alt=’A user manipulates materials inside a sealed Class III glovebox, wearing heavy-duty arm-length gloves attached to the unit.’

For work with the highest-risk pathogens (Biosafety Level 4), a Class III cabinet is required. These units provide the maximum level of containment. A Class III BSC is a completely sealed, gas-tight enclosure maintained under negative pressure.

The operator works through heavy-duty gloves attached to ports on the cabinet, providing Class III glovebox level containment. This creates a total physical barrier between the user and the hazardous agent. All air entering the cabinet is HEPA-filtered, and all exhausted air passes through two HEPA filters in series before being discharged outside. This design is similar to a glovebox fume hood but is built specifically for biological hazards.

Comparison of Biological Safety Cabinet Classes

This table provides a side-by-side comparison of the key features, applications, and considerations for each BSC class.

Feature Class I Class II, Type A2 Class II, Type B2 Class III
Airflow Pattern Inward flow, no recirculation. 70% recirculated, 30% exhausted. 0% recirculated, 100% exhausted. Sealed system under negative pressure.
Product Protection No Yes Yes Yes (Maximum)
Personnel Protection Yes Yes Yes Yes (Maximum)
Typical CFM & Filtration Single HEPA on exhaust. CFM varies. HEPA on supply and exhaust. Thimble option. HEPA on supply and exhaust. Hard ducted. Double HEPA on exhaust. Hard ducted.
Best Applications Housing equipment, procedures with non-sterile agents. Cell culture, microbiology with no volatile chemicals. Work with biologicals and volatile toxic chemicals. Work with BSL-4 agents (e.g., Ebola virus).
Considerations Does not protect the sample from contamination. Not for use with significant amounts of chemicals. Requires dedicated building exhaust system. Complex setup, limited user mobility.

How to Choose the Right BSC Class: A 5-Step Checklist

Selecting the right BSC is a critical safety decision. Follow this step-by-step checklist to ensure your choice aligns with your lab’s specific needs.

  1. Assess Biological Risk: First, identify the Biosafety Level (BSL) of every agent you will handle. BSL-1 agents require basic containment, while BSL-4 agents demand a Class III cabinet. This assessment is the foundation of your decision.
  2. Determine Need for Product Protection: Next, decide if your work requires a sterile environment. If you are working with cell cultures or other sensitive materials, you need product protection. This immediately rules out Class I cabinets.
  3. Evaluate Chemical Use: Then, list all chemicals you plan to use inside the cabinet. If your protocol involves volatile toxic chemicals or radionuclides, a Class II, Type A2 cabinet is not appropriate. You must select a Class II, Type B2 or Class III cabinet.
  4. Review Facility Requirements: After that, analyze your lab’s infrastructure. Does your HVAC system support the exhaust requirements of a ducted B2 cabinet? Confirm available space, power, and utility connections before making a purchase.
  5. Consult with EHS and Biosafety Officer: Finally, always consult with your institution’s Environmental Health and Safety (EHS) department. They must review and approve your choice to ensure it meets all safety regulations and institutional policies.

5 Common Scenarios for Selecting a BSC

  • Scenario 1: University Cell Culture Core Facility.
    • Workflow: Researchers work with non-infectious human and animal cell lines (BSL-2). No volatile chemicals are used.
    • Decision: A Class II, Type A2 cabinet is the standard choice. It provides the necessary product protection to prevent contamination and protects users from potential biohazards.
  • Scenario 2: Clinical Microbiology Lab.
    • Workflow: Technicians identify bacterial and fungal cultures from patient samples (BSL-2).
    • Decision: A Class II, Type A2 is also ideal here. It protects staff from infectious aerosols and maintains the sterility of the cultures.
  • Scenario 3: Pharmaceutical Quality Control Lab.
    • Workflow: A procedure requires handling a BSL-2 agent while using small, defined quantities of a volatile solvent like methanol.
    • Decision: This workflow requires a Class II, Type B2 cabinet. The total exhaust system is necessary to protect the operator from inhaling chemical fumes.
  • Scenario 4: Animal Research Facility.
    • Workflow: Staff are changing cages for rodents housed in a BSL-2 containment suite. The goal is to contain allergens and potential pathogens.
    • Decision: A Class I cabinet is often used for this task. Product protection is not needed, but personnel and environmental protection from allergens and aerosols are crucial.
  • Scenario 5: High-Containment Government Lab.
    • Workflow: Scientists are researching emerging infectious viruses like Ebola or Marburg (BSL-4).
    • Decision: This work mandates a Class III cabinet. The gas-tight, sealed environment provides the absolute highest level of protection against deadly pathogens.

Installation, Maintenance, and Certification

Proper installation is essential for a BSC to function correctly. The cabinet must be placed away from high-traffic areas, doors, and air vents to avoid disrupting its protective air curtain. Ducted cabinets, like the Class II B2, require professional integration with the building’s HVAC system. Casework, benches, and service utilities must be planned to ensure ergonomic access and safe operation.

Regular maintenance and certification are mandatory. A certified technician must test and verify the cabinet’s performance at least annually. This includes checking airflow velocities, HEPA filter integrity, and alarm functions. Keeping detailed records is a critical part of lab compliance. Following a proper BSC certification and annual testing schedule ensures the cabinet provides consistent protection.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

1. What is the main difference between a Class I and Class II BSC?
The main difference is product protection. A Class I BSC protects the user but not the sample. A Class II BSC protects the user, the sample, and the environment.

2. Can I use a Bunsen burner inside a BSC?
It is strongly discouraged. The open flame disrupts the cabinet’s internal airflow, which can compromise both user and product protection. The heat can also damage the HEPA filters.

3. How often do HEPA filters need to be changed?
HEPA filters typically last for several years but should be changed based on the results of annual certification tests. A technician will perform a test to determine if the filter has become too loaded with particles to maintain proper airflow.

4. What is the difference between a HEPA and a ULPA filter?
A HEPA filter is at least 99.97% efficient at removing particles of 0.3 microns. An ULPA (Ultra-Low Particulate Air) filter is even more efficient, removing 99.999% of particles 0.12 microns in size. ULPA filters are often used in Class III cabinets or cleanrooms.

5. What does BSC certification involve?
Certification is a series of tests performed by a qualified technician to verify that a BSC is working correctly. It includes measuring airflow velocity, checking for HEPA filter leaks, and ensuring alarms are functional. It should be done upon installation and at least once a year after that.

6. Do I need a Class II A2 or B2 cabinet?
Choose a Type A2 if you only work with biological agents. Choose a Type B2 if your work involves both biological agents and more than trace amounts of volatile toxic chemicals. Always confirm with your safety officer.

Find the Right Biological Safety Cabinet for Your Lab

Choosing the correct biological safety cabinet class is a fundamental step in designing a safe and efficient laboratory. By carefully assessing your biological agents, chemical use, and facility capabilities, you can select a unit that provides the right level of protection for your team and your research. Each class, from I to III, is engineered for a specific set of risks and applications.

At Labs USA, we provide a wide selection of lab furniture, workstations, and containment solutions to meet your needs. Our team can help you navigate the options and plan a layout that works for you.

Explore our full range of biological safety cabinets to compare models and find the best fit for your facility.

Ready to take the next step? Request a quote today to get pricing and check current availability on our quick-ship options.